A tumor of melanin-forming cells, typically a malignant tumor associated with skin cancer

What is Melanoma Cancer

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes, cells in the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis) that make melanin—the pigment in skin. Besides giving skin its hue, melanin also protects other layers of the skin from the sun’s harmful rays.

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, and while melanoma is less common than other types of skin cancer (such as basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas), it is more dangerous because it runs a higher risk of spreading to other parts of the body if left undetected and untreated.

Melanoma can develop anywhere on the skin, but there are a few common sites—such as the neck and face—where the sun has the most contact. In men, the chest and back are common sites. In women, melanoma often forms on the lower legs. Although it is primarily considered a skin cancer, melanoma can also form in the eyes, mouth, and vagina, but these are rarer than skin melanoma.

The National Cancer Institute estimates there will be more than 68,000 new cases of melanoma and nearly 8,800 melanoma-related deaths by the end of 2010.

Symptoms of Melanoma Cancer

Melanoma is one cancer where self-detection is possible. Once a month, look for changes in moles or freckles as well as sores that do not heal (use a mirror for hard-to-see parts of the body). Check moles for the “ABCD” of melanoma:

• Asymmetry—the shape of one half does not match the other half
• Border—the edges are irregular and ragged-looking,with notches or scallops
• Color—the color is unevenly distributed; besides black and brown, there may be blue, red, pink, white, or gray colors
• Diameter—melanomas are usually larger than 1/4 inch; also look for size changes in moles

One or more of the above features may be present in melanoma.

Risk Factors Melanoma Cancer

Risk factors for melanoma include:

• Skin tone—melanoma is more common in fair-skinned people
• Age—the risk of developing melanoma increases with age
• Ultraviolet light exposure (sunlight, sun lamps, and tanning booths)
• Moles—people with more then 50 moles have an increased risk of developing melanoma
• Gender—in the U.S., melanoma occurs more frequently in men than in women
• Weakened immune system
• Family history of melanoma—there is an increased risk of melanoma in people who have two or more close relatives with melanoma

What is Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in lung tissue. The earliest stages of lung cancer don’t normally have symptoms, and the cancer may take years to grow. The cancer begins showing signs and symptoms as it invades organs and tissues nearby and metastasizes to other parts of the body. At this point, the cancer is advanced. There are two major types of lung cancer: small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States. The National Cancer Institute estimates there will be about 222,500 new cases of lung cancer and more than 157,000 lung cancer-related deaths by the end of 2010.

Symptoms & Causes Lung Cancer

Common symptoms of lung cancer can include:

• persistent cough
• coughing up blood
• wheezing
• hoarseness
• chest pain
• shortness of breath

Other symptoms include unexpected weight loss, feeling tired all the time, bone pain, and headache.

Learn more about the symptoms of lung cancer.

The leading cause of lung cancer is smoking cigarettes, so many of the symptoms are often dismissed as side effects of smoking. Other causes of lung cancer include exposure to carcinogens—such as asbestos and radon gas—and exposure to secondhand smoke.

Diagnosis & Treatment For Lung Cancer

                   

Doctors can diagnose lung cancer through several tests including:

• Imaging studies—chest x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan
• Sputum cytology—microscopic examination of cells produced by coughing
• Tissue biopsy—microscopic examination of a sample of lung tissue

Additional types of studies include bronchoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, bone scan, or ultrasound.

Following diagnosis, a process called staging will determine the extent of the cancer. The stages (0-IV) are based on how far the tumor has grown into the lung tissue, whether it has invaded locally (for example, the lymph nodes, heart, or trachea), or metastasized to other parts of the body (such as the liver, brain, or bones).

Learn more about the stages of lung cancer.

Lung cancer is most often treated with one or more of the following:

• surgery
• chemotherapy
• radiation
• targeted drug therapy

Medicine for Blood Cancer (Lukemia)

Medicine for Blood Cancer in World

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